新建：/etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/proxy.conf文件，文件内容如下：

[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=socks5://192.168.1.2:1080"
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=socks5://192.168.1.2:1080"
Environment="NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,.example.com"

然后重新启动 docker 服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker